William Morris Hunt
Sand Bank with Willows, Magnolia, 1877
William Morris Hunt (1824 – 1879)
One of the most influential and respected artists in Boston during the late 19th century, William Morris Hunt was a leading proponent of the French Barbizon School of painting, the precursor of Impressionism. He was a landscape, genre, and portrait painter, a highly respected teacher, and widely read writer. His engaging personality combined with his talents to make him the leading arbiter of aesthetics in New England where he was one of the first artists to inject French influence.
Hunt was born in Brattleboro, Vermont and was raised in New Haven, Connecticut. He was from a prominent family that included his brother Richard Morris Hunt, the architect of the Vanderbilt houses “Biltmore” and “The Breakers.” William Hunt had a lively personality and was considered a witty, non-conforming man who did not stay on the traditional path to academic success.
He attended Harvard University where he studied sculpture with Henry Kirke Brown, but weakened health caused him to leave after his sophomore year to study in Europe. In 1845, he enrolled in the Dusseldorf Academy but feeling weary of academic training went to Paris to study with Antoine-Louis Barye, the animal sculptor, and from 1846 to 1852 with academic and then Barbizon painter, Thomas Couture.
Biography
Again rebelling against the rigidity of academia, Hunt gravitated towards the French landscape painters, especially Jean-Francois Millet, who had fled studio painting for Barbizon, a French village. There they depicted rural scenes, usually with peasants working in the fields, and focused on capturing the naturalness and spontaneity of the moment as they saw it.
In 1855, Hunt returned to the United States, going first to Newport, Rhode Island and completed a number of sentimental Barbizon-style paintings with cows, obviously innocent children, and virginal-appearing nudes.
In 1862, he moved to Boston where he married the daughter of a wealthy Boston banker, and, well-connected socially, much influenced Boston taste as the proponent of Barbizon style painting. Because fellow-Bostonian Seth Vose shared Hunt’s appreciation for the Barbizon school, Hunt was a key promoter of Vose as an art dealer.
Hunt frequented rural coastal areas in Massachusetts and became especially associated with Cape Ann and Gloucester. His spontaneous paintings such as Gloucester Harbor, dated 1877 and now in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, were rapidly executed in the manner of Impressionism, which was ground breaking for an American artist. However, he was set apart from his Impressionist successors by his careful attention to composition and execution, and his underlying less-emotional realism.
He also had mural commissions including the capital building at Albany, New York. In 1878, shortly after completing this work, Hunt drowned in circumstances at the Shoals of Appledore, near Portsmouth, New Hampshire where he had been staying at the home of Celia Thaxter. Of his death and her familiarity with the circumstances leading up to it, Laura Marquand Walker, a student and friend of Thaxter’s and Hunt’s wrote: “In 1879, after he completed his decoration The Discoverer for the Senate Chamber in the Albany State House, William Hunt went to the Shoals for a rest. He had apparently been suffering from nervousness for some time.
As a young girl I had noticed he was a kind man with beautiful traits and that he had many good friends who believed in him. Yet he was one of the loneliest of men and doomed to live away from his home, which he so much needed. Hunt was a man devoted to children but separated from his own because he and his wife could not be happy together. Alas, one day, he decided he could not bear to live any longer and so he ended his life. He was found floating in a little pond not far from Aunt Celia’s house. . . .Only months before the New York Legislature approved a bill allocating one hundred thousand dollars for Hunt to decorate the Assembly. Then there was further news that Governor Robinson later vetoed the Bill. It was a terrible disappointment to Hunt and he had been inconsolable.” (Walker, 30)
Written by Lonnie Pierson Dunbier
Sources:
Matthew Baigell, Dictionary of American Art
Michael David Zellman, 300 Years of American Art
Laura Marquand Walker and Fern K. Meyers, Beyond a Gilded Cage
Biography from the Archives of AskART